Tesla Coil, How to Make a Tesla Coil
A tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer circuit invented by the one and only Nikola Tesla around 1891. A tesla coil is used to produce high voltage, low current, high frequency alternating current electricity. Tesla coils produce higher current then electrostatic machines. Tesla coils consist of two or sometimes three, coupled resonant electric circuits. Tesla used these coils to conduct amazing experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, x-ray generation, high frequency AC phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires.
Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in sparkgap radio transmitters for wireless telegraphy until the 1920's. They were also used in pseudomedical equipment such as electrotherapy and violet ray devices. Tesla coils are used today primarily for entertainment and educational purposes.
A Tesla coil transformer functions in a significantly different way from a conventional transformer. In a conventional transformer, the windings are very tightly coupled and voltage gain is determined by the ratio of the numbers of turns in the windings.
With Tesla coils, unlike a traditional transformer, a Tesla coil's windings are loosely coupled, with a large air gap, and thus the primary and secondary typically share only 10 to 20% of their respective magnetic fields. The Tesla coil transfers energy (via loose coupling) from one oscillating resonant circuit (primary) to the other (secondary). A well designed Tesla coil can transfer over 85 percent of the energy initially stored in the primary capacitor to the secondary circuit.
The voltage achieved with a Tesla coil can be significantly higher then with a normal transformer. This is so because the secondary winding is a long single layer solenoid widely seperated from the surroundings and therefore well insulated. Also, the voltage per turn in any coil is higher because the rate of change of magnetic flux is high at high frequencies.
Today's modern high voltage enthusiasts usually build Tesla coils that are similar to some of Tesla's later air core designs. A large Tesla coil of modern design often operates at very high peak power levels, up to many megawatts. A Tesla coil should therefore be adjusted and operated carefully, for both safety and and efficiency. The Tesla coil can also be used for wireless transmission.
Tesla coils are very popular devices among certain electrical engineers and electronics enthusiasts. Builders of Tesla coils as a hobby are often called "coilers".
There are several good websites which show you how to build a Tesla coil. Here are some of the best guides that show you how to build a Tesla Coil.
Video on how to build a Tesla Coil
Video on how to make a Tesla Coil
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